Abstract (eng)
The Baltic and Slavic continuants of the roots IE *ḱer / *ker, corresponding loanwords in the areas bordering the Baltic-Slavic language area and examples from other Indo-European languages were used for research on the origin, structure, and derivation behavior as well as on the semantic dynamics of these roots. The basic forms *ḱer / *ker, each consisting of three constituents, result after reduction of the transponats obtained from the various Baltic and Slavic continuants by omitting the extensions in the coda. Regarding the root extensions as possible early Proto-Indo-European suffixes, the two basic elements appear as a binary nominal color-root pair producing Caland forms in derivations with the suffixes *-o-, *-m-o-, *-n-o-, *-(e)h2-, *-to-. The presence or absence of adequate (secondary) suffixes can resolve the problem of whether the forms are seṭ- or aniṭ-forms and how to understand the different accentuation of the continuants. The results of the investigation give rise to the assumption that the continuants of the root pair originally only served to designate light or dark visual impressions and, at first, probably solely to express the visual perceptibility of an object in front of a light or dark background. To put it quite radically, it was not primarily about the color designation White or Black, but about the articulation of visual perception. For the period in which people no longer exclusively expressed visual perception, evidence such as Lith. šermuo͂ ‘ermineʼ suggests that *ḱer can be assumed to be a color root WHITE, which, however, is no longer attested as such. The adjectives meaning ‘whiteʼ, ‘mold greyʼ, etc. are used only for certain living beings, objects, and natural phenomena. The situation is different with the color root *ker BLACK, whose continuants have largely established themselves as an adjective meaning ‘blackʼ, this color concept being objective and generally valid. The examples of the continuants of the root pair *ḱer / *ker show flowing transitions from White to Black with intermediate and mixed levels such as spotted, striped, and mottled. On the other hand, the two "end points" form a semantic opposition of the extremes Light / White respectively Dark / Black. The question arises as to whether a dynamic and parallel to a presumed semantic dynamic a structural development of the Indo-European tectal series can be deduced from this constellation, whereby not only a parallel course, but also a mutual conditionality would have to be considered. The Baltic and Slavic material as well as the evidence from other Indo-European languages are obvious and clear and probably give valid reason to consider a structural and semantic dynamic from *ḱer to *ker, from Light / White to Dark / Black, possibly with one single pre-proto-language-starting form with the meaning ‘visible, perceptibleʼ. In the absence of corresponding comparable older evidence, the mere description of the detected existence of transposable, reconstructable or reconstructed word forms of the proto-language must remain. Nevertheless, the presented features of the root pair *ḱer / *ker can provide an indication for further research concerning the question of the Indo-European tectal series.