Abstract (eng)
The psychomotor development of young children proves to be an essential prerequisite for the formation of a mentally and physically healthy personality. This is especially true for the first three years of life. Normally, no motor disorders occur during this phase and no early childhood deficits can be detected. All the more important are the findings of modern kinesiology, which help to intervene in the early stages if necessary and to counteract any undesirable developments, even if they are only of a temporary nature. In addition, psychomotricity can also be used in the context of remedial education and help the child to a certain extent to a positive self-concept. The paper deals with the theoretical foundation, the precursor concepts, the historical development, the differentiation from other approaches and the establishment of psychomotricity as a master teaching. Then, key concepts of psychomotricity, movement and perception as basic categories, and the development of emotional competencies and the self-concept essential for personality development are addressed. In addition, psychomotor development in early childhood and its significance are discussed, differentiating between the first, second and third years of life. Milestones are used to illustrate which competencies a child has acquired at which point in the "normal case". Suggestions for play and movement are given. Fine and gross motor skills, coordination and control are also discussed, as are developmental delays and disorders. In addition, an overview of the development of cognitive abilities and the central nervous system is given. Overall, it becomes clear how central a healthy development of psychomotor skills is for the young child. This also applies to all other phases of life. In the future, it will be essential to take into account the results of further pediatric explorations in the interdisciplinary communication process. Likewise, advances in neurology- and orthopedics-based therapies for the treatment of motor retardation and other disorders must always be reflected in the context of psychomotor exercises and movement stimulation. Seen in this light, the field of psychomotor treatment is always facing new challenges. In this context, the practical application of use and academic-scientific research cross-fertilize each other.