Abstract (eng)
In this thesis we study the theory of marginally outer trapped surfaces (or MOTS, for short) and their visibility. A closed spacelike surface in a spacetime (M,g) is called trapped if both congruences of normal (future directed) null geodesics are converging. If M contains such a trapped surface, satisfies the null energy condition and admits a non-compact Cauchy surface the spacetime is singular by Roger Penrose's classical singularity theorem. Trapped surfaces mark the point of no return when a singularity forms as the result of a gravitational collapse. MOTS are a generalisation of trapped surfaces, in the sense that only one of the congruences has zero convergence. As such they are an integral part in the mathematical study of black holes. In the first part of this thesis we review some of the Lorentzian geometry needed and then delve into the theory of marginally outer trapped surfaces. There, several important notions such as the stability of MOTS and the closely related minimal surfaces are explored. Afterwards we present visibility theorems regarding MOTS in asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes based on the recent work by Piotr T. Chruściel, Gregory J. Galloway and Eric Ling. The final part gives a detailed exposition of MOTS and their visibility, specifically in de Sitter spacetime. In summary, the present work serves as a basis for further investigations, for example, in the field of MOTTs (Marginally Outer Trapped Tubes)