Abstract (eng)
To date, few studies have addressed the genetic consequences of disjunct distribution patterns in Europe across larger numbers of species. The arctic-alpine pattern (as seen among many cold-adapted organisms) can be explained by post-glacial range re-arrangement in organisms bound to former glacial steppes and tundra. A similar, but less strongly disjunct distribution pattern is shown by boreo-montane organisms restricted to coniferous forests in montane and subalpine regions in south or central Europe and in the boreal zone, respectively. Existing studies have been limited to either case studies on selected focal species, theoretical reviews, or macroecological studies at a coarse level. This thesis aims to investigate the genetic consequences of disjunct distribution pat-terns among European lepidopterans. Specifically, the hypothesis that intraspecific genetic differ-entiation between regions is on average higher among arctic-alpine than in boreo-montane species was tested. 36 arctic-alpine and 78 boreo-montane species from Europe were identified using pub-lished literature and Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 (CO1) sequences of the selected species were obtained from the BOLD database. Intraspecific divergences were assessed using Kimura-2 parame-ter pairwise distances. As expected, the arctic-alpine species showed a higher mean intraspecific divergence between populations than the boreo-montane species. In addition, significant differ-ences in intraspecific genetic distances were found between both northern and southern popula-tions for all calculation types. Furthermore, genetic distances between northern and southern populations were found to be greater than within each population. In 18 out of the 99 investigated species with arctic-alpine and boreo-montane distribution, the average intraspecific genetic dis-tance between northern and southern populations was found to exceed 0.02., indicating as yet un-recognized cryptic diversity in these species.