Abstract (eng)
Social systems of many animal species are strongly depending on ecological and social conditions and therefore, spatial cohesion and composition of groups vary constantly depending on their environment. Such called fission-fusion societies are extensively studied in primates, but to a lesser extent in avian species. The degree of fission-fusion dynamics differs characteristically among species and is known to positively correlate with cognitive abilities. Birds of the corvid family exhibit strong grouping dynamics and are known for their high cognitive skills. This study examines the environmental effects influencing fission-fusion dynamics and foraging strategies of a wild population of crows (Corvus corone ssp.) at the Schönbrunn Zoo in Vienna, Austria. Data were collected by means of the citizen science app KraMobil (Spotteron), a project conducted by the Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Biology of the University Vienna, the Konrad Lorenz Research Center, and the Schönbrunn Zoo. The chances and limitations of citizen science data in research will be discussed. I identified group size and zoo area as the main factors influencing grouping dynamics within the zoo. In animal enclosures, crow group size, the number of enclosed species and the related risk, and the quality and distribution of food resources had the greatest impact on crow grouping dynamics and behaviour. Against my predictions, aggressive behaviour was mostly exhibited in small groups and foraging group size was not enhanced in predator enclosures. Moreover, I did not find any correlation between food distribution and group size. Overall, these finding indicate that the observed crow population exhibits pronounced fission-fusion dynamics depending on ecological and social factors.