Abstract (eng)
Like in most other tropical regions, Costa Rica’s biodiversity was threatened due to habitat loss by deforestation and resulting habitat fragmentation. While old-growth forest cover declined significantly, the cover of secondary forests expanded rapidly. As a result, secondary forest patches of various age, hence, different succession stage and, consequently, vegetation structure characterize today’s landscape. The importance of secondary forest patches for birds can differ substantially. Therefore, we quantified to what extent understory bird species richness, species composition and the occurrence of vulnerable forest birds and Nearctic migrants in secondary forests within the Biological Corridor La Gamba (COBIGA) are influenced by vegetation structure and composition of the surrounding landscape matrix. For that reason, understory bird assemblages of 21 secondary forest patches and 9 old-growth forest sites as reference were assessed by mist-netting. Additionally, vegetation structure and landscape composition were evaluated for each study site. While vegetation structure and landscape matrix did not influence understory bird species richness, species composition changed substantially with progressing forest succession and increasing old-growth/old secondary forest cover as well as decreasing habitat diversity around the mist-netting sites. Understory bird assemblages were increasingly dominated by forest species as forest succession progresses, whereas Nearctic migrants were mainly found in younger secondary forests. Landscape matrix characteristics such as forest continuity and degree of habitat diversity played an important role for both, forest specialists and Nearctic migrants. Our results highlight the importance of secondary forest patches for bird assemblages within COBIGA as well as the necessity to protect old-growth forest for vulnerable forest bird species. Finally, there is evidence that forest specialists occupy secondary forest patches earlier than expected and that they may function as stepping stones for dispersal in the fragmented landscape.