Abstract (eng)
As contemporary witnesses of the Shoa and National Socialism pass away, German so-ciety is facing a political tipping point in regards to collective memory, where significant changes are emerging. Numerous studies indicate that the passing on of NS family history within perpetrator families takes place via various mechanism of tradition, which portray the ancestors in a positive light and thereby strengthen the family's self-concept. At the same time, there is a shift in the German culture of remembrance (Erinnerungskultur): The commemoration of the Shoa is turning into an act of collective self-assurance because the descendants of the perpetrators claim to have learnt from history rendering their act of remembering adequate. This effort is aimed at closing this chapter of history. Both cases overlook the fact that millions of Germans were involved in the crimes of the Nazi regime, which in turn distorts the history of National Socialism. Both, the actual perpetratorship and the victimhood risk fading into oblivion, while the proposition and acceptance of national identification becomes more attractive to the perpetrators' descendants. To counter this trend, this thesis examines forms and practices of remembrance that oppose these tendencies. The question is raised to what extent genealogical research is an adequate means of doing so and to what extent it enables a critical assessment and under-standing of National Socialism. In order to address this question, interviews with great-grandchildren of Nazi perpetrators are analysed, which focus on the relationship between family narratives and knowledge derived from familial-historical documents. The results of the analyses are then considered in the light of the memory theories of Maurice Halbwachs, Jan Assmann and Harald Welzer and are finally interpreted using Walter Benjamin's critical conception of history. It is shown that genealogical research enables the great-grandchildren of NS-perpetrators to locate themselves within the tradition of their guilty ancestors. This leads them to comprehend the significance of the NS family history for the present and to tie in to unrealised potential for action from the past. For those surveyed, this entails standing alongside marginalised groups, combating recent forms of right-wing radicalism and confronting themselves with the lives and murders of the victims of the NS regime. The interviewees' critical attitude towards National Socialism is also expressed in the fact that, on the one hand, they reject family narratives that distort history, but on the other hand, they also try to see the contradictions within their ancestors. Finally, they dismiss the possibility of closure regarding the Nazi past. Instead, they humbly assume responsibility for their engagement with the past. In doing this, it becomes evident: genealogical research does not offer the prospect of redemption from the perpetrator context.