Abstract (eng)
At the latest with Karl Marx, the concept of alienation became one of the central points of reference for a broad critique of capitalism. While the concept underwent significant theoretical rearticulations in the first half of the 20th century, the critique of alienation reached its practical culmination in the student movements of 1968. The changes in economic and political conditions towards neoliberal post-Fordism, among other things, led to a decline in the critique of alienation. Accordingly, the concept of alienation largely disappeared from the conceptual repertoire of critical theorizing. In response to intensifying socio-pathological phenomena, multiple crises and the growing strength of social movements criticizing capitalism, the critique of alienation has recently attracted increased academic interest. In the light of this increased attention, the present work attempts to address the question of the topicality of the critique of alienation in two ways: firstly, it tries to understand how and in what form moments of alienation can be understood in their historical change within capitalist orders up to the present; and secondly, it examines how the term can be conceptualised theoretically in order to understand these historical movements of capitalism. This work undertakes that in a hermaneutic analysis of the the debates on alienation from Karl Marx, to Herbert Marcuse, David Harvey, Arlie Hochschild, Eva Illouz and Rahel Jaeggi. Thus the work concludes that, on the one hand, the question of the relevance of the concept of alienation must be asked repeatedly and always against the background of the capitalist society into which this analysis attempts to intervene. On the other hand, the analysis reveals that alienation as a normative concept refers to (social) movements and ways of relating that oppose and resist capitalist relations.