Abstract (eng)
Through the COVID-19 pandemic, existing inequalities have been exacerbated, and new ones have emerged. Social inequalities are closely related to self-positioning within the social hierarchy. This self-positioning is based, among other factors, on the perception of privileges and is also established through symbolic boundaries. In this master’s thesis the COVID-19 pandemic is viewed as a case study to explore how individuals perceive their own privileges and position themselves within the social hierarchy during such exceptional circumstances. This work is based on the theoretical concepts of symbolic boundaries and the doing difference approach. The empirical data are drawn from the nationwide qualitative longitudinal study Corona and Family Life in Austria. Ninety-eight parents were interviewed using problem-centered interviews or diary entries to find out about their experiences during the pandemic. The study comprises twelve data collection waves, conducted between March 2020 and June 2022. This master's thesis is based on a subsample of five parents (44 interviews and 12 diary entries in total). The data are analyzed thematically and through the analytical methods of constructivist grounded theory. The research question addressed is: What significance did symbolic boundaries and self-positioning within the social hierarchy hold for parents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Austria? The analysis revealed that it was of particular importance for the interviewed parents to establish and strengthen their social position. They achieved this through symbolic boundary work along six distinctive categories: ethnicity, gender, employment situation, children's age and school situation, living situation, health, and family structure. The respondents identified various individuals or groups from whom they differentiated themselves. They achieved their goal of positioning themselves within the social order during this crisis through a "privilege check" and two bundles of strategies: (I) self-positioning as privileged, in demarcation to those below, and (II) self-positioning as not privileged, in demarcation to those above. These strategies relate to the two levels of (1) constructing the other and (2) constructing the self. Furthermore, potential reasons for the necessity of self-positioning become evident: (1) to establish a sense of agency during the uncertain pandemic situation, (2) to create a socially desirable external perception, and (3) to legitimize self-positioning in the social middle. This work provides insights into parents' perception of social inequalities during crises using the COVID-19 pandemic as an example. The role of symbolic boundaries during crises is discussed, and insights into the (relevance of) self-positioning within the social hierarchy during crises are provided.