Abstract (eng)
This thesis aims to discuss superconducting properties, especially of type II superconductors where Abrikosov vortices are present. For a typical type II superconductor in an applied magnetic field, an applied current results in the motion of vortices under the action of the Lorentz force. At the instability current I*, the superconductor transits to the normal conducting state. This transition can be observed as voltage jumps which are termed flux-flow instabilities (FFI). A theoretical description of the instability was made by Larkin and Ovchinnikov and its refinements as well as by the Kunchur theory of hot-electron instability. As part of this thesis, the superconducting properties, such as the transition temperature Tc, the electron diffusion coefficient D, the upper critical field at zero temperature Bc2(0) and the coherence length at zero temperature ξ(0) of MgB2 with different capping layers (MgO and Au) and structure (textured and single crystal) were investigated experimentally and are discussed. In contrast to commonly observed single jumps at the instability current, the current-voltage curves for MgB2 films typically exhibit multiple jumps with quasi-linear sections between them.