Abstract (eng)
The only way to find out anything about the builders of Osterwitz Castle in the High and Late Middle Ages, when it was still a fief of the Osterwitz family, is through building research. But even this is only on a modest scale, as hardly any major research has been carried out on the site to date. The Renaissance castle of Hochosterwitz only becomes apparent when you enter the complex. From a distance, the rocky spur with its numerous elements still looks largely medieval. However, when you look at the details, numerous elements stand out and reveal that the builder, an avowed Protestant, was very much part of 16th century thinking. The gate buildings are designed in a representative manner in keeping with the taste of the time. The interior of the rooms appears rather modest, so it can be assumed that the client resided in one of the numerous castles he owned. Hochosterwitz is one of the bastioned aristocratic residences that can be found throughout Europe from the mid-16th to the 17th century. The complex never had to prove its concept and was never conquered. The builder in the 16th century, Georg II. Khevenhüller, regarded the building as a bulwark against the threatening enemy, which could only mean the Turkish threat that had existed for centuries. In contrast, the Kraig castles do not appear to have played an important economic, strategic or representative role in the 16th century. While it was previously assumed that the tower castle was built first, followed by the Oberkraig and finally the Unterkraig/Niderkraig, the building research shows the reverse order. The oldest part is in the Unterkraig and dated to the late 12th century or early 13th century. In the 12th century, the Kraigers were initially only active as witnesses of the Bishop of Gurk and the Duke of Carinthia. At the beginning of the 13th century, a Kraiger is referred to as a dapifer/Truchsess for the first time. In the second half of the 14th century, the Carniolans were captains of Carinthia, and a little later captain of Carniola and court masters of King Wenzel. The political importance of the Carniolans is increased by Konrad (II.) and his son Konrad (III.). During this period, the Carniolan castles were administered by burgraves. The political rise is accompanied by construction work on the Kraig castles: In the 14th century, Unterkraig/Niederkraig was reinforced, Oberkraig was extended, and the tower castle was built. In 1390, a topographical distinction was made for the first time, with the mention of a burgrave at the Neue Feste and Oberkraig. According to the current state of building research, however, it is not clear which castle is to be designated as the Neue Feste. Apparently, only a few walls were built at Oberkraig and Unterkraig/Niederkraig. The tower castle, on the other hand, was built in its entirety in this century, so that this building can perhaps be regarded as the seat of the burgrave. In the 14th century, the Carniolans also held the county court for around a hundred years, so the tower castle may have been used in this capacity too. In the 15th century, King Sigismund raised the Kraig brothers to the rank of barons. At the beginning of the 16th century, the Amt of Kraig, including bailiwicks, tithes and the district court, passed to Veit Welzer, the administrator of the Carinthian captaincy. The last Carinthian Kraigers in the male line acted as sealers, but no longer had the political clout of their ancestors. The last Kraiger Konrad (VI.) was considered incapable of acting. The Kraiger castles were now continuously administered by managers. The dominion of Kraig finally passed to Hans Count of Hardegg via the sister of the last Kraiger. (Translated mit https://www.deepl.com/de/translator)