Work relationships on farms exhibited immense diversity during the early twentieth century. From an official standpoint, such variety presented challenges in the context of emerging social insurance schemes: Whose activities should be classified as paid employment, and whose contributions as reciprocal support among family members? Drawing on examples of (former) foster children and farm workers with limited capacity to work, this chapter investigates how authorities delineated the boundaries between work and non-work, and examines the (re-)establishment of hierarchies among workers. The study is based on disputes over the inclusion or exemption of these workers in health insurance, involving farmers, insurance and administrative authorities as well as workers themselves.