Abstract (eng)
This diploma thesis consists of four chapters. In the first chapter we discuss methods and difficulties of quantization.
As a motivation, we first compare classical mechanics with quantum mechanics where we put special emphasis on the algebra of observables, which is the central object in classical physics.
After clarifying the meaning of quantization, we give reasonable properties a quantization has to satisfy.
Then, we introduce the concept of deformation quantization and we discuss the possibility of quantizing a physical system in a canoncial way.
However, due to Groenewold-van Hove theorem, this is impossible, as we see at the end of the chapter.
The second chapter is devoted to the mathematical theory behind the deformation quantization. After some short algebraic preliminaries we introduce the concept of deformations
of algebras. Then, we discuss related topics such as equivalences and extension of deformations.
Important terminologies, like the Hochschild complex and the Gerstenhaber algebra, are defined and their properties are studied in this chapter.
Since we will need the results of the Hochschild-Kostant-Rosenberg theorem in the last chapter,
we present its proof here and discuss some of its consequences.
In the third chapter, after recalling some definitions and results of differential geometry, we use the techniques developed in the previous chapters to define a star product.
The ambiguity of star products comes from the different orderings. Therefore, the main focus of this chapter lies on discussing $t$-orderings and $\tilde t$-orderings
and their associated star products.
As we will see in this chapter, many well-known star products such as the Weyl-Moyal star product and the Wick star product are special cases of
$t$-ordered and $\tilde t$-ordered star products.
The last chapter is devoted to the Fedosov construction. As a preparation, we first introduce the so-called mixed algebra and some derivation maps operating on this algebra.
Then, we define the Fedosov derivation and show that it is a differential. At first, we give a constructive proof which can be useful for calculations.
Later, we present a more general, non-constructive proof which is based on homotopical arguments.
These result will lead us to the definition of Fedosov Taylor series which we use to introduce the Fedosov star products.
Properties and equivalences of Fedosov star products are also discussed.
We conclude this diploma thesis by outlining some basic ideas of the proof of Kontsevich's formality theorem.