Abstract (eng)
Synaptic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A (GABAA) receptors are the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). They belong to the superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels and are characterized by their pentameric structure (Olsen und Sieghart, 2008). The central ion channel is activated by endogenous GABA and selectively conducts Cl- ions through its pore. This results in hyperpolarisation of the membrane, and an inhibitory effect on neuronal excitability (Sieghart et al., 1999).
An imbalance of excitation and inhibition causes a variety of disease states, including sleep disorders, anxiety and epilepsy (Siegel, 2005). Reduced GABAergic inhibition, which can also be caused by a number of GABAA receptor mutations, has been implicated to play a significant role in epilepsy (Jones-Davies et al., 2003). A variety of synthetic substances are used clinically as antiepileptic drugs. On the other hand, natural products with anticonvulsive effects are being studied as potential new scaffolds. One of them, piperine, isolated from the black pepper seeds (Piper nigrum L., Piperaceae), has been identified as a positive GABAA receptor modulator (Zaugg et al., 2010). Piperine, however, displays moderate IGABA enhancement and potency. Therefore, a series of new piperine derivatives has been synthesized.
During the course of this diploma thesis, I have studied the concentration-dependent modulation of GABA-induced chloride currents (IGABA) through α1β2γ2S GABAA receptors by 8 selected piperine derivatives (MC-12, MC-20, MC-64, MC-66, MC-73, MC-74, MC-79 and MC-80). GABAA receptors were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and the experiments conducted by means of the two-microelectrodes-voltage clamp technique. I have compared their effects (efficacy and potency) on this receptor subtype with that of piperine. Two out of eight of the derivatives displayed higher efficacy than piperine (MC-64: Emax = 1673,0 ± 146,3 %; EC50 = 51,7 ± 9,5 µM; MC-66: Emax = 359,1 ± 3,6 %; EC50 = 21,4 ± 1,4 µM). The other six derivatives did not exceed piperine’s maximum efficacy.
Concluding, the modifications of the piperine molecule did affect maximum efficacy of the derivatives, however, could not reasonably alter the compounds’ potency. Further studies focusing on the structure-activity-relationship of the piperine derivatives have to be conducted in the future.