Abstract (eng)
RNA interference (RNAi) is a recently discovered technique of gene silencing. It is based on a specific interference of a RNA sequence of approximately 21 nucleotides, called short interfering RNA (siRNA), which is complementary to a messenger RNA (mRNA) of interest. After hybridisation, the target mRNA is degraded and its expression inhibited.
The delivery of siRNA into cells has been a great challenge. While various modifications of the siRNA sequence and several delivery systems have been examined, so far none of them could fully meet the requirements for safe and efficient therapeutic application.
During this diploma thesis, I devised a synthetic procedure for the preparation of PEG-siRNA oligonucleotides and investigated the effect on their uptake and down-regulation of the targeted Bcl-2 gene in mammalian cells.
At first, anti-Bcl-2 siRNAs were synthesised and purified. Subsequently PEG chains of defined length were attached at the 3’- and 5’-ends of sense and antisense strands of the siRNA oligonucleotides. Conjugation of PEG at the 5’-OH group was carried out with a PEG-phosphoramidite building block added at the end of the RNA synthesis, but resulted in low yields. PEG chains were attached at the 3’-end post-synthetically by reaction of a NHS-ester activated polyethylene glycol to an aminohexyl modified oligonucleotide. The conjugation reaction showed approximately 75% conjugation yields.
The molecular weight of siRNA and its conjugates was analysed with ESI-MS. PAGE enabled analysis of purity and efficiency of the conjugation reaction. Quantification of the conjugation reaction and purification of the components was carried out with HPLC.
The influence of the PEG conjugates on the knockdown of the corresponding Bcl-2 mRNA was examined in a mammalian cell culture model (MCF-7 cells) by making use of a Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay and by quantification of endogenous mRNA levels by RT-qPCR. After LipofectamineTM2000 transfection, PEGylated siRNA resulted in strong knockdown, indicating no loss of activity through the 3’-end conjugation of both strands. Naked application showed no significant down-regulation of the target gene.
Although the polyethylene glycol chains could not effectively enhance unassisted siRNA uptake into mammalian cells, my work demonstrates the tolerance of the molecular effectors for 3’-PEGylation. These conjugates can be used for lipid and polymeric delivery systems, and this and similar modifications are viable strategies for increasing the bioavailability of oligonucleotides, prolonging circulation times and increasing stability.