Abstract (eng)
The ethnobotanically important genus Alpinia Roxb. is the largest and taxonomically most complex genus of the family Zingiberaceae, comprising about 250 species distributed throughout tropical and subtropical Asia and Oceania including Australia. Cladistic analyses based on DNA sequence data indicated a polyphyletic origin and suggested a splitting into six clades representing different genera. In the present diploma thesis, methanolic extracts of underground as well as aerial parts of species from three clades were analyzed by standard chromatographic methods. The resulting profiles were used for comparative chemosystematic analysis. Major compounds were shown to belong to labdane diterpenes, acetylated phenylpropanoids, kavalactones, specific flavonoids, and diarylheptanoids, each being derived from distinct genetically defined pathways. Variability within these classes of compounds contributed to further chemical differentiation. The different distribution patterns of these secondary metabolites in members of the A. galanga-, A. eubractea- and A. zerumbet-clade) were shown to be consistent with current phylogenetic concepts and support the suggested generic splitting. Thus, chemical characters may contribute to a more natural grouping within this genus. Nevertheless it has to be mentioned that further in-depth comparative phytochemical studies with more samples, including all organs and different developmental stages, from the whole tribe Alpinieae should be conducted before drawing final chemosystematic conclusions.