Abstract (eng)
Ongoing internationalisation processes have accelerated the implementation of English-medium programmes (EMPs) across European higher education institutions (e.g. Knight 2008). The discipline of business and management studies has been particularly affected by this trend, which is reflected in the increasing number of EMPs implemented each year in this field of study (Wächter & Maiworm 2008: 45–48). Despite this growth trend, there is still a lack of awareness of what the implementation of EMPs entails at both organisational and pedagogical levels. This thesis strives to contribute to filling this research gap by capturing the multifaceted nature of EMPs in tertiary business studies. The study combines a national status quo survey on the spread of EMPs with an analysis of internationalisation policies and a case study conducted at Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU), Europe’s largest business university.
The study design allows combining macro-level observations (i.e. quantitative, numerical trends at the national level) with micro-level insights (i.e. qualitative, detailed case study findings). As the point of departure for the present study, the status quo survey identifies the total number of EMPs offered in business studies at Austrian state universities in the academic year of 2012/13. It also provides detailed insights into distribution patterns and language-related entry requirements. Additionally, a policy analysis reveals internationalisation developments at national and institutional levels and illuminates the role English-medium education in internationalisation processes. Operating on the micro-level, the course description analysis explores the language learning element in EMPs by focusing on curriculum and course design. Among other aspects, prevalent teaching formats and explicit language learning aims of the programmes can be identified in this data. All these three data sets are complemented by findings derived from interviews with programme designers and instructors. In sum it can be said that the study’s combination of macro and micro-level analyses offers an unusually holistic insight into EMPs in tertiary business studies.
The findings of the status quo survey highlight the trend towards EMPs in tertiary business education (Wächter & Maiworm 2008: 45–48). The analysis of the language-related entry requirements reveals potentially problematic areas in assigning test scores to CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference) proficiency levels. The findings show that for the majority of EMPs at Austrian business faculties a C1 proficiency level is mandatory for admission.
The analysis of institutional policies indicates that competition among internationalised HEIs stands in direct relation with the increased use of English-medium instruction in general and the growing number of English-taught degree programmes in particular. By contrast, the main rationale underlying the Austrian government’s internationalisation activities is the promotion and increase of academic mobility, while the theme of English-medium instruction plays a minor role in these policy documents.
Contrary to common assumptions about language learning aims in EMPs (e.g. Järvinen 2008: 83; Wächter & Maiworm 2008: 67–68), the results of the course description analysis show that 77% of the English-taught courses include explicitly stated language learning aims. However, the programme managers’ views expressed in the interviews are clearly divergent from the trends identified in the course description analysis. They largely assume language learning to be a logical consequence of English-medium instruction and consider the development of communication skills an implicit aim of their programmes only. Moreover, they do not consider the language learning aims identified in the course descriptions to be language functions per se as, for them, language teaching equals grammar instruction. Moreover, their awareness of discipline-specific language learning in EMPs and the need for ESP and EAP (English for Specific / Academic Purposes) teaching is rather limited, which is again reflected in the scarcity of ESP / EAP courses in the analysed EMP curricula.