Abstract (eng)
It is a basic requirement of all attempts to configure machines and computers with the ability to see, that these are in fact, attempts to produce, process and understand digital images by means of computer algorithms. Those becoming powerful social actors and decision makers, it is important to understand exactly, the production, processing, and interpretation of digital images by algorithms where the semantic interpretation element is central.
“Computers and the Ability to See” is based on an interdisciplinary, multiperspective approach that is framed by the academic fields of Science and Technology Studies (STS), Visual Culture Studies and Surveillance & Identification Studies. It especially is inspired by Lucy Suchman’s work on ‘Human-Machine Reconfigurations’ (Suchman 2007) and the Visual STS approach of the ‘Social Studies of Scientific Imaging and Visualization’ (Burri & Dumit 2008). This links to what could be summarised as the theoretical frames of (feminist) post-humanism and material-semiotics, and connected to it, to the commitment “to empirical investigations of the concrete practices” of nonhuman entities and their specific agencies (Suchman 2007: 1).
The most relevant sociotechnical transformation processes that framed the empirical analysis with computer vision and more specifically with Image Processing Algorithms (IPAs) are what could be condensed in the “grand narrative” (cf. Law 2008: 629) terms of surveillance society (especially what often is referred to as Smart CCTV or intelligent video surveillance) as well as the digitalisation, automatisation, and “smartisation” of social practices, artefacts and devices. On these grounds, the thesis explored ‘Human-Computer Vision (Re-) Configurations’ by analysing the negotiation and the development, and by focusing on the political and social significance of Image Processing Algorithms in different sites from the computer vision laboratory to the news media. In doing so, the research followed a ‘visiographic’ strategy that applied a wide array of qualitative methods (participant observation, group discussions, interviews, document analysis).
In the conclusions the thesis discusses the question how societies and the sciences could deal with the ‘political ordering devices’ IPAs in a responsible and reflective way of innovation. In this regard it suggests the “Social Studies of Image Processing Algorithms” (SIPA), a conceptual and reflective framework for the further development and analysis of IPAs, encouraging social scientists, artists and computer scientists to reflect and work together in the specific research and innovation field, but also the business field of computer vision. The SIPA scheme also covers questions of governance, regulation, and ELSA (ethical, legal, and social aspects).