Abstract (eng)
In the Late Cretaceous a bimodal volcanism developed in the recent area of the
Western Pontides (NW Turkey). This volcanism can be traced in sections all along
the Black Sea coast as distinct volcaniclastic layers. Successions include alternating
successions of limestones, marls, turbidite and tuff. The middle Turonian to
Santonian Lower Volcanic Succession (Dereköy Formation), the upper Santonian
pelagic limestone (Unaz Formation) and the Campanian Upper Volcanic Succession
(Cambu Formation) can be distinguished in this region. The successions were
deposited under different stages of subduction of Tethys Ocean and contemporaneously
spreading in the Western Black Sea basin. Rifting and spreading caused an
extensional regime and formation of sedimentary basins along the southern shore
of the Black Sea, in the Istanbul and Sakarya zones. To get a better correlation
between cyclostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, tectonic setting and volcanic series, the
volcaniclastics were classified by using a geochemical approach. As the volcaniclastic
material is assumed to be deposited under subaqueous conditions, element
mobility was important to consider when choosing element abundances and ratios
for classification. Generally an overall trend of calc-alkaline to high K calc-alkaline
series and basaltic to basalt andesitic rock types can be seen. A clear negative Nb
anomaly with respect to Th and Ce in all samples excludes a within plate setting,
and confirms the existence of a volcanic arc. This is also confirmed by a negative
Ti anomaly. Normalized to normal mid-oceanic ridge basalt (N-MORB) the element
variations show two types of volcanic arc basalts (VAB). The calc-alkaline to high-K
calc-alkaline VAB have increased Nb and Zr values relative to N-MORB, whereas
the tholeiitic VABs are depleted in Nb, Zr, Ti, V relative to N-MORB.