Abstract (eng)
In my master thesis I review theories and empirical studies on corporate diversification by means of which I reveal numerous factors influencing a firm’s decision to diversify as well as the diversification’s effect on firm value. With respect to forces driving firms to diversification, I identify three main drivers of corporate diversification from value-maximizing perspective: operating benefits including economies of scale and scope in terms of manufacturing, marketing, management and R&D; financial benefits based on financial synergy, risk reduction and market imperfections; and advantages linked to firm-level diversification, which cannot be achieved in a stand-alone firm. Apart from these benefits, conglomerates are found to be more efficient in capital allocation relative to stand-alone firms. Nevertheless, there are also managerial objectives driving firms to diversification, which provide benefits to managers at the expense of shareholders. In addition, cross-subsidization and internal power struggles between divisions are found accountable for firm value destruction. Apart from these driving forces, I identify a number of firm- and industry-specific prerequisites for corporate diversification. Obviously, the trends in diversification strategy have changed over time and so have also empirical conclusions about the diversification’s effect on firm value. Even though arguments in favor of the diverisification discount seem to prevail, recently, there has been risen a vast amount of critique and evidence questionning this conclusion. Apparently, diversification per se might be considered value-maximizing strategy. Yet, diversification may result in a decrease in firm value conditional upon several factors - scale and scope of diversification, expansion strategy, firm structure, as well as current business environment.