Abstract (eng)
Imitation is a complex perceptual-motor coordination that, as a type of social learning, plays a crucial role in skill acquisition. Despite the functional significance, its underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully discovered. The present research aimed at investigating whether cognitive load acts as a factor that moderates the degree to which individuals engage in more literal imitation versus high-level emulation. In a mixed-design study, 57 participants performed an adapted version of the pen-and-cup task (Wohlschläger et al., 2003), whilst being exposed to two different load conditions. Working memory load introduced specific cognitive limitations, whereas time pressure introduced more general limitations on different levels, including perceptual, motor and cognitive functions. Hand- and goal mistakes were measured independently and served as dependent variables. Both time pressure and working memory load affected imitation by increasing error rates in general. However, only time pressure, but not memory load increased movement-errors relative to goal-errors. Therefore, under high time pressure individuals focus more on the goal and devise their own means for the achievement, consequently showing less literal imitation. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.