Abstract (eng)
Decomposition processes control carbon and nutrient turnover in terrestrial ecosystems and thus play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems. While primary production of plants accu-mulates CO2 from the atmosphere, CO2 is released by decomposition in soils. The speed of de-composition depends on different abiotic and biotic influencing factors and thus varies in differ-ent ecosystems.
Decomposition rates were calculated in a subtropical forest ecosystem in China using a method by KEUSKAMP et al. (2013), so-called Tea Bag Index. The experiment is part of the BEF-China re-search project. Two types of tea – green tea and rooibos tea – were used as substrates, which represent the leaf litter. It turned out that the litter quality is crucial in terms of the decomposi-tion rate. Green tea was decomposed by an average of 76 % after an incubation of 90 days in the soil, while rooibos tea was decomposed by an average of 22%.
In addition, the decomposition rates of the tea were investigated and analyzed regarding poten-tial influencing parameters. Plot-based data were available for pH, TOC (total organic carbon), N (nitrogen), slope, altitude and exposure, as well as other topographical parameters.
The evaluation by classification and regression trees (CART) and classification and regression training (CARET) revealed that nitrogen in surrounding soils is the most influential parameter. This was confirmed by rank correlation coefficient ρ (Spearman). High concentrations of N in soils are responsible for high abundance and activity of soil organisms, and thus enable a faster decomposition. Additionally, high temperatures and high relative humidity influence the decom-position positively. Furthermore, different locations within the plots were compared. Deadwood or living trees in immediate vicinity do not significantly influence the decomposition of litter.
Determination of decomposition rates using the Tea Bag Index is intended to create global com-parability. The method, however, is to be assessed critically since it is strongly limited in its power of expression and comparability. Variations in environmental conditions, in particular temperature changes during the incubation period, can cause distortions of the decomposition rate k. Therefore, the date of the experiment is decisive and a global comparability is not possi-ble due to seasonality. It is suggested to determine decomposition rates with litter bags with foliage from the ecosystem of interest. In this way, more accurate data for decomposition in a specific ecosystem can be obtained.