Abstract (eng)
The aim of the Master Thesis is to shed light on the extent to which previous ECJ case law has been taken into account in the preparation of the new "Mobility Directive 2019". For this purpose, an overview of cross-border reorganizations in the EU area was carried out on the basis of the most prominent ECJ rulings on freedom of establishment. It is to be shown that so far only cross-border mergers can be carried out according to a standardized procedure and thus with a certain legal certainty. The new Mobility Directive 2019 will in future also align other restructuring constellations, such as cross-border divisions and transformations, to the previous procedure for cross-border mergers.
With reference to the recitals of the Directive and existing specialist literature (mainly from the German-speaking area), the individual innovations in the "Mobility Directive 2019" are discussed. It will be examined whether the now existing EU company law with regard to cross-border mergers corresponds to or goes beyond the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice.
The conclusion of the work is that - in view of the scope of the Mobility Directive and its implementation in record time - one can certainly speak of successful measures in European company law to promote freedom of establishment and strengthen the internal market. However, there are still some points of criticism. For example, certain (unobjective) differentiations still seem incomprehensible. For example, the European legislator still only permits cross-border reorganizations for corporations, but not for partnerships. Cross-border demergers for absorption are also not possible, unlike demergers for new formation.
In addition, the main points of criticism of the Mobility Directive are the legal framework and the structure of the legal text. For example, the EU legislator divides the respective forms of reorganization into separate sections of the Directive, but this does not contribute to greater clarity. On the contrary, it makes it more difficult to compare the individual types of reorganization. It is also noticeable that the three types of restructuring are very similar, which is why a chapter on "Common Provisions" would have contributed to easier reading here.
The protection regimes in the form of minimum harmonization also often go to different extents. Although the European legislator had an appropriate, uniform and coherent concept in mind, this was not fully successful. Thus, the rigid "4/5 solution" for employee participation and the "fall-back solution", which is only directly applicable in cross-border mergers, appear to be a major problem. It was precisely in the area of protective provisions that uniformity was to be created, which was not achieved by the Mobility Directive 2019. Such divergent protection regimes are problematic per se. In the case of the Mobile Directive, the justified question also arises as to a factual reason for these distinctions between transformation, merger and division. As a result, it is precisely these highly divergent protection regimes that will lead to (the simpler) cross-border mergers being preferred to cross-border transformations and divisions. In the case of the former, there are considerably fewer difficulties or delays in the transaction, at least on the basis of the Mobile Directive.
In summary, however, the new Mobility Directive 2019 brings important innovations in European company law and represents an important step towards the codification of EU company law. It remains to be seen how the Directive will be implemented in the Member States and it is to be hoped that the Member States will make good use of the options open to them.
However, it can already be said at this stage that a fully functional legal framework has finally been created within the territory of the Union for cross-border mergers, divisions and changes of form of limited liability companies, which guarantees the necessary legal certainty for both those applying the law and those subject to it.