Abstract (eng)
The positive effects of artistic and cultural activities in later life have been repeatedly studied (for reviews see Fraser et al. 2015; Bernard & Rickett, 2016). Despite gerontology’s growing interest in culture, meanings and definitions of culture often stay fuzzy in this field. Culture as a concept in gerontology is often “open, broad and conflicting in usage” (O’Neill, 2015) and seldomly conceptualized in relation to age and aging.
Among other things, this PhD thesis is an attempt to give some shape to the pudding known as culture in gerontology. This thesis aims to: 1) explore notions of culture in gerontological research, 2) explore the meanings and experiences of age and aging in the field of cultural production and 3) derive a more nuanced understanding of culture in relation to age and aging as the basis for future research in gerontology. To do so, it follows the research questions: How is age being done in the field of cultural production, and which practices, actors and implicit knowledge are involved in these processes? How do older adults learn to experience themselves as old when participating in the field of cultural production?
Methodologically, this thesis analyzes the field of cultural production at three different sites: 1) The site of cultural and artistic production, 2) the site of cultural participation and 3) the site of arts institutions. It does so through analyzing data from ethnographic case studies with older artists, quantitative survey data on older adults’ cultural activities and participatory research with older adults at the theater.
The results illustrate, first, that both production and consumption in the cultural field are age coded (Krekula, 2009), which means that specific expectations are placed upon older producers and consumers of the arts and culture. Regarding artistic production, analysis revealed the importance of value regimes in the cultural field that place a strong emphasis on the economic value of art that older (retired) artists rarely (can) produce. In the area of cultural consumption, this is exemplified by the socio-material arrangements of theaters, in which healthy, able bodies are adopted as a norm, which marginalizes the experiences of older consumers of the arts and culture.
Based on these and other results, this thesis opens up the cultural field as a topic for gerontology. It makes clear that in times of demographic change, not only the health and care sector need to react to the changing age structures of modern societies, but so too should the cultural sector. For (critical) gerontology, the work illustrates the potential of a practice-theoretical approach that understands age and aging as a relational, decentralized and shared social practice.