Abstract (eng)
It is widely accepted that new antibiotics are urgently required and that the most promising source remains natural products. Over 50% of therapeutics on the market are either derived from, or based on natural products. Actinomycetes bacteria produce a wide range of natural compounds that have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, antitumor, or immunosuppressive properties. Secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics, are formed at concentrations far lower than therapeutic levels in the natural environment, hence methods to enhance the synthesis of these natural compounds are needed if they are to be manufactured on an industrial scale. These secondary metabolites are encoded by biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC). These BGC are silent under laboratory circumstances, and their corresponding substance is not generated. Through manipulation of growth conditions and heterologous expression the silent BCGs may be activated, and the substance produced. Actinoalloteichus are rare Actinomycetes, whose ability to produce secondary metabolites has been shown previously. Actinoalloteichus fjordicus MP129-24 has been isolated from marine sponges in Norway. It contains 26 possible BGCs, as assessed by the software antiSMASH. Some of the gene clusters are known; however, most BGCs have low similarity to other gene clusters in the data banks and therefore might specify biosynthesis of new natural products. The One Strain Many Compounds (OSMAC) approach demonstrates how a single strain can produce different compounds depending on the conditions in which it is cultivated. Nutrient content, temperature, and aeration rate can all be easily adjusted, modifying a microbial strain's overall physiology and, as a result, considerably impacting its secondary metabolism. First, the wild type strain MP129-24 was tested for the production of secondary metabolites in different media. Two fermentation media (SM1 and SM7) were identified as candidates and investigated further. One compound of interest was discovered: ikarugamycin epoxide. Next, genomic DNA was isolated from the wild type strain to construct a fosmid gene libraryin Escherichia coli.