Abstract (eng)
The aim of this thesis is the investigation of the Viennese liberal’s role in the development of neoliberalism. It is widely known that especially Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich August von Hayek are central figures of neoliberal theory. However, most literature deals with their impact on the political and intellectual scene after World War II. Therefore, the timeframe for this thesis is Vienna’s interwar period. While interwar Vienna is commonly known as a playground for heterodox socialist and Austro-Marxist experimentations, its cultural and political surroundings also heavily inspired and animated an evolution in liberal theory. This evolution is essentially a reaction to the Habsburg Empire's abrupt decline and the subsequent political turmoil. The Viennese intellectual’s pessimistic reaction involves a political readjustment of liberty that states the social realm with its political and socioeconomic urges as the opponent of liberty. Furthermore, the Viennese pessimism and the readjustment of liberty anticipate some central neoliberal characteristics.