Abstract (eng)
This dissertation examines images of Self and Other in early republican Turkish literature. Attempting to disassociate itself from the Ottoman Empire and embrace Westernization, the Republic of Turkey required new frameworks of belonging. Peyami Safa, Halide Edib and Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar are three authors who shaped both public discourse and the literary canon of the republic in the 1930s and 1940s. I approach their literary and non-literary texts against the backdrop of Turkey’s intertwined post-imperial and Occidentalist conditions. Post-imperiality acknowledges the continuous aftereffects of imperial Lebenswelten and the complex transition from empire to nation-state. The post-colonial concept of Occidentalism, in turn, denotes a globalised system of inequalities that locates the modern Western subject as the centre and agent of progress. As post-imperial narratives, the writings of Safa, Edib and Tanpınar capture transformations of order and affiliation and discuss how Turkey’s present can reconcile continuity with Eastern imperial legacies and the experience of Western-dominated modernity, i.e., the Occidentalist condition. The analysis of their canonised novels – Safa’s Fatih Harbiye, Edib’s Sinekli Bakkal and Tanpınar’s Huzur – and selected non-literary texts points to both Europe (the dominant image of Occidentalism) and the Ottoman Empire (the dominant image of Turkey’s post-imperiality) as key references for the Self-Other nexus in the early republic. Conceptually, the dissertation introduces the Occidentalist Lens as a four-dimensional heuristic centring on key binaries – spatiality (im_mobility), civilisation (form_content), temporality (past_future) and gender (fe_male) – that allow for a systematic analysis of how texts engage with modernity. Methodologically, I connect imagology’s traditional focus on national characteristics with the analysis of broader frameworks of belonging, notably notions of East and West. The spatial, civilizational, temporal and gendered images of Self and Other analysed in this dissertation offer a multi-faceted picture of early republican Turkish literature at the crossroads between post-imperiality and Western-dominated modernity.