Abstract (eng)
Global mass tourism is generally impacted by the interplay of global and local influences, often tracing its origin to periods marked by financial boom in the Global North and the presence of former colonial powers in various regions of the Global South. Kenya was among those regions, in which the emergence of tourism was promoted by the presence of colonial administrators, who laid the foundation for what would later become one of the country’s most important economic pillars. Recently, COVID-19 related lockdowns in Kenya sparked controversy over persisting issues engendered by historical colonial legacies within the industry calling for decolonizing tourism in the country. Intrigued to find out what this comprehensive demand implies, this thesis explores what it means and entails to decolonize Kenya’s tourism industry. Embracing a sensitive and therefore transdisciplinary approach, the study engages with global debates on decolonization, thereby asking a second research question, namely whether decolonization theory and practice diverge from or relate to each other. Generally, the research process unfolds in three phases. After a foundational debate on 'Decolonization Theories', a second part, 'Evolution of Kenya’s Tourism Industry', traces its origins from British colonial administrators to post-independence progress. These explorations pave the way for a third phase, which is grounded in semi-structured expert interviews with Kenyan stakeholders, supported by further literature review. Through a combination of theoretical frameworks and the lived experiences of Kenya's tourism practitioners, the analysis reveals continuous 'coloniality' across power, being, and knowledge dimensions within the industry. Strategies for decolonization, including equitable ownership distribution, narrative diversification, alternative marketing, and inclusive conservation, are synthesized from expert insights and scholarly discourse. The study underscores the urgency of a continuous transformation of Kenya’s tourism sector to create a more equitable, inclusive, and authentic industry.