Abstract (eng)
There are only a few GPS-tracking studies on Western Marsh Harriers (Circus aeruginosus) in Europe which deal with large scale movements and migration. However, smaller movements have largely been ignored. Therefore, the focus of this study was the short post-fledging dispersal period after independence from the parents and before the onset of migration. Fourteen nestling Marsh Harriers were equipped with satellite tags to record location and tri-axial acceleration in eastern Austria. These juveniles showed highly variable behaviour regarding dispersal distances, home range sizes and habitat choices. They dispersed up to 167 km from the nest, but when they found suitable hunting areas their home range was relatively small (mean 3.9 km²; 50 % UD dBBMM). 15 days before the onset migration they halted their wide-ranging dispersal and stayed at their temporary settlement areas. A tri-axial acceleration model was used to determine behaviour. Unexpectedly, birds did not increase their hunting efficiency since the energy intensive wing flapping flight slightly increased after independence. In the daily activity cycle, the highest rate of flying (40 %) was reached between 1 PM and 2 PM. Despite natural areas in proximity, all tracked birds moved to agricultural areas and 87 % of the recorded locations fell into this habitat. The most commonly available fields were ‘winter cereal’ crops, but Marsh Harriers showed little selection for it. The highest preference was shown for fallow land, which indicates bottom-up effects in these biodiversity rich areas to top predators such as the Marsh Harrier.