Abstract (eng)
The ‘brain-weight theory’ played a major role regarding the constraints on women’s access to higher education, such as universities. According to that, the cerebral inferiority was ascribed to women. This ‘empirically proven’ fact made women's studies a persistent subject of countless journal articles and annual reports from women’s associations. Based on the working hypothesis that the women's movement media occupied an exceptional position in the discursive debates about higher female education at the University of Vienna in the late 1900s, this research thesis examines the journalistic activities of the Allgemeiner Österreichischer Frauenverein (AÖFV) and the Verein für erweiterte Frauenbildung. Therefore, this master thesis seeks to show the connection between the press of the women's movement and its mobilizing effect(s). At the beginning the thesis will argue the almost lawless position of women, codified as a collective subject in the 19th century, in order to consequently contextualize the ‘woman question’. The time frame extends from the founding of the Verein für erweiterte Frauenbildung in October 1888 to the termination of the magazine Dokumente der Frauen at the end of September 1902. The internal view of the women's association networks draws attention to the agency approach. It emphasizes the power of women to act in movement/s, how they have created independent spaces. Simultaneously, doctors popularized the gender knowledge of the time through their social prestige. To answer the question of research, 21 key texts were analyzed. The aim is to show the possibilities and limits of feminist thinking in fin de siècle Vienna. This paper used the historical discourse analysis by Achim Landwehr as research method to highlight that the publication organs studied developed a suggestive power, especially in social reformatory circles. The heading ‘The responsibility to write’ symbolizes the self-empowering effect of writing. Furthermore, the results of the study show to what extent the profeminist attitude of some men constituted a counter-discourse. Finally, this study deals with men who advocated on behalf of feminist causes. The frequently assumed thesis of a separatist ‘battle of the sexes’ could be refuted by studying the sources. As fragments of discourse between knowledge and power, historical women’s periodicals provide an insight into the conditions under which women wrote, published, matriculated, and studied for instance as ‘exceptions.’ Moreover, women’s rights activists raised public awareness making Women's studies a political issue in their journal articles and reports.