Abstract (eng)
The revolutionary year of 1968 occupies a special place in the research field of the history of theory (Theoriegeschichte) as the connection between philosophy, literary theory, and the anti-colonial protest movements of the 1960s is ever present. Until the mid-1970s, Roland Barthes, John Cage, Julia Kristeva, Jacques Rancière, and Christian Wolff drew from the image of the revolutionary masses in Mao Zedongs’s writings. This dissertation project investigates the relationship in which Western intellectuals and avant-garde writers were temporarily fascinated by the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966 to 1976). Mao’s skepticism towards the bureaucratic apparatus turned the Cultural Revolution into a narrative in which there were no masters. In reality, however, the bureaucratic apparatus built up from 1949 onwards had set in motion a system for recording personal data and a differentiated class society in China. In view of millions of victims, state repression, and the party’s struggle to retain power, possible parallels between the Cultural Revolution and the Western protest movements of 68 come to an end. However: At the beginning of the 1970s, Mao’s writings inspired the composers Cage and Wolff to question political rule regarding the role of the workers’ movement; from 1974 onwards, Barthes, Kristeva, and Rancière increasingly described the events during the Cultural Revolution from the perspective of gender and class discourse. Revolutionary approaches in poetic language thus changed because of the writers’ growing interest in questions of social hegemony. The project traces this development; one that must be considered in particular from the perspective of its transnational history of translation. For it was only in the United States of America that the intellectual and interdisciplinary French Theory emerged.